Soils of India & Their Classification

Classification of Indian Soils

• There are 8 major group of soils in India which are furnished below

Red Soils

• Red colour is due to various oxides of iron. They are poor in N, P, K and with pH varying 7 to 7.5. These soils are light textured with porous structure. Lime is absent with low soluble salts.
• Red soils occurs extensively in Andhra Pradesh , Assam, Bihar, Goa, Parts of kerala, Maharastra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and West Bengal. Most of the red soils have been classified in the order ' Alfisols'.

Lateritic Soils

• Seen in high rainfall areas, under high rainfall conditions silica is released and leached down wards and the upper horizons of soils become rich in oxides of iron and alluminium. The texture is light with free drainage structure.
• Clay is predominant and lime is deficient. pH 5 to 6 with low in base exchange capacity, contained more humus and are well drained. They are distributed in summits of hills of Daccan karnataka, Kerala, Madhyapradesh, Ghat regions of Orissa, Andhra pradesh, Maharastra and also in West Bengal, Tamilnadu and Assam.
• Most of the laterite soils have bee classified in the order ' ultisols' and a few under ' oxisols'.

Alluvial Soils

• These are the most important soils from the agriculture point of view. The soils are sandy loam to clay loam with light grey colour to dark colour, structure is loose and more fertile. But the soils are low in NPK and humus.
• They are well supplied with lime; base exchange capacity is low, pH ranges from 7 to 8. These soils are distributed in Indo-Gangetic plains, Brahmaputra valley and all most all states of North and South. Most of the alluvial soils have been classified in the orders ' Entisols', ' Inceptisols' and ' Alfisols'.

Black Soils

• This is well known group of soils characterised by dark grey to black colour with high clay content.
• They are neutral to slightly alkaline in reaction. Deep cracks develop during summer, the depth of the soil varies from less than a meter to several meters. Poor free drainage results in the soils, base exchange is high with high pH and rich in lime and potash. Major black soils are found in Maharastra, Madhyapradesh, Gujarat and Tamilnadu.
• Cotton is most favourable crop to be grown in these soils. These soils are classified in the order 'Entisols', ' Inceptisols' and ' vertisols'.

Andhra Pradesh Land Reforms since 1900AD

This material is useful for while preparing topics of AP LAnd reforms.. if you have no idea about land reforms then i recommend the best one of it and it has clear understanding.. moreever it is advantage to English medium guys... who find rare to get material in english....

this topic covered ANdhra economy in Group 2 Paper 3 Part-2 Chapter -3

Land Reforms Full Review

Indian Polity Full Notes

Indian Polity for civil services, mostly useful for UPSC, APPSC group1 & group 2, covers all topics... this material from partityogita darpan very good magazine...

Morever this notes is of 6mb file so it takes time to download the file....but its worth reading it, go through material dont miss reading it friends
Credit goes to Darpan Magazine Only....
Indian Polity review

Andhra Pradesh Land Reforms Part2

Andhra Pradesh Land Reforms Part2 for APPSC Group 1 and Group 2 Paper 3 chapter 3

Andhra Pradesh Land Reforms - English

APPSC Group 2 promotions & terms of Working & Pressure in field

What are the Posts under APPSC Group 2 Cadre? Preference Order for Group 2 Cadre in TSPSC
For Group-II examination, 682 posts have been notified by the APPSC. Out of these posts, 479 are executive posts and 203 are non executive posts.

At the time of submission of on line application the candidates may be under confusion for giving their preferential serial order to the posts for which they have intended to apply.

Some of the candidates have intended to spend their life very peacefully and some people have desired to work among the people and for the people, and some other people have not interested for their transfers in the job. Therefore as per the individuals desire, the preferential order of selection of posts have to be made and the same is very important criteria for their future. If the selection has been made wrongly by the candidate, he has to suffer for his life long. Some candidate's have not known about their zonal allotment. In this matter also the candidates may got confused. If the candidates have got clear understanding on the preferential selection of posts, nature of job, and Zonal system rules, filling of the on line application and sending the same to the Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC) is very easy to the candidates.

PREFERENTIAL ORDER OF SEECTION OF POSTS As per the candidates desire and interest only, the preferential of selection of order of posts have to be under taken. The issues related to promotion, responsibilities, and social status will play very important key role and more important and should be taken into consideration by all the candidates. The following information on the order of preference and selection of the posts are made available for information to all the candidates who are interested to apply for the examinations of APPSC

DEPUTY TAHASILDAR /MUNICIAPL COMMISSIONER For the two posts of Deputy Tahasildar/ Municipal Commissioner for which post the candidates may given their priority. Basically the Deputy Tahasildar is a supervisor post and he has assist to the Tahasildar. The candidate who joined in this post may get his promotion to the post of Tahasildar within 6 to 10 years time. By the time of retirement the candidates who are in this line will reach to cadre of Deputy Collector.

Six yeas back the Deputy Tahasildar posts have been filled with direct quota candidates. In the Department d between the candidates of promotes and the direct quota candidates an administrative dispute is running i.e., on their promotions. In view of this dispute the candidates who are interested to join in this post may gain their promotion to their higher post by late.

One month GS preparation & Revision Plan

This information exclusively to http://appscgroup.blogspot.com Members.

And the information is only Advisory only....no critics allowed to comment on it!

First most preference to civil services was always General Studies.... its vast and very easy if u tackle in topic wise.

Start with GS - it has physics chemistry biology, history, polity, economy, GK, current affairs, mental ability.

First buy a good book.... i advise Tata mc graw hill, General studies manual 2010, its costs 700 in koti book stores.

in that topics are all divided, most of the questions from g1,2 are direct from it,

the book is having many multiple choice questions too..... totally having 1600 pages... of it 960 pages were theory part...

That 960 pages can be divided into the following pattern...

Good Luck

How to crack Group 2 APPSC - a review from NewsPaper

This article was only for readers who missed to read. No critics or comments allowed aganist this... this was purely informational to get a idea abt the exam

Indian Folk Dances

statues of India

Pillars of India

Important Temples/Mosques/Fort/Gardens of Historical Importance in India

Temple/Mosque/Fort/Garden	Place	Brief History
Ahmed Shah’s Mosque	Ahmedabad	Built in A.D  1414. its pillars have Hindu emblems
Bhubaneswar Temples	Bhubaneswar. Orrisa	Stone temples
Bodh Gaya temple	Bodh Gaya. Bihar	60 m high temple built by Ashoka, site where Buddha attained enlightenment
Dilwara temples	Mt Abu, Rajasthan	Lavishly decorated with carvings, Jain temples
Golden Temple	Amritsar. Punjab	Sacred shrine of the Sikhs
Important Temples and Mosques
Jagannath Temple	Puri, Orrisa	Dedicated to Lord Jagannath, an incarnation of Vishnu
Jama Masjid	Delhi	Biggest mosque in India built by Mughal Fmperor Shahjahan
Khajuraho Temples	Khajuraho, M.P.	Famous sculptures depicting art of love; built some time in  ad 950-1050
Mahabalipuram Temples	Mahabalipuram. Tamil Nadu	Also called ’Seven Pagodas’
Mahakali Temple	Ujjain,	Shiva Mandir
Meenakshi Temple	Madurai. Tamil Nadu	Dedicated to the Goddess Meenakshi
Moti Masjid	Agra. U.P.	Built by Mughal Lmpcror Shahjahan
Omkar Temple	Omkaiji. Madhya Pradesh	Shiva Temple on an island in the Narmada river, also called ’Black Pagoda'
Sun Temple or Konark Temple	Konark. Orrisa	The mythological conception of the Sun God riding a twenty-four wheeled chariot drawn by seven horses, carved in stone
Buland Darwaja	Fatehpur Sikri, Agra. UP	38 m high gate built by Akbar, is India’s highest gate
Forts, Gardens  Agra Fort	Agra. UP	Originally built by Akbar and additions made by Shahjahan containing famous buildings (Royal Palace Shish Mahal, Moti Masjid, Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas)
Gateway of India	Mumbai, Maharashtra	Built in 1911 to commemorate the visit of King George V of UK
Gol Gunibaz	Bijapur. Karnataka	India’s largest dome built on the tomb of Sultan Mohammed Adil Shah covering an area of 1630 m2
Gomateswara Statue	Sravanabelagola, Karnataka	India’s tallest stone statue of the Jain sage Gomateswara
Gwalior Fort	Gwalior, MP	One of the biggest forts containing famous buildings like Man Mandir. Palace of Man Singh, etc.
Hawa Mahal	Jaipur. Rajasthan	Multi-storeyed pink coloured building
Hindodla Mahal	Mandu. Madhya Pradesh	The walls sloping at an angle of over 77° create an illusion that the entire building sways
Jan tar Mantar	New Delhi	Ancient observatory
Moghul Gardens	New Delhi	Garden of Rashtrapati Bhawan
Qutab Minar	New Delhi	72.5 m high stone tower; tallest minaret in India built by Qutab-ud-din Aibak as a Victory Tower
Ramanaihaswamy Corridor	Ramcshwaram. Tamil Nadu	India's longest corridor—1,220 m long
Rashtrapati Bhawan	New Delhi	India’s biggest residential building
Red Fort	New Delhi	Built by Shahjahan, made of red stone
Samath Stupa	Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh	22 m high and 28 m in diameter, stone structure built on the spot where Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon
Sanchi Stupa	Sanchi. Bhopal	One of the earliest stupas, 17 m high and 36.5 m in diameter, made of bricks and sandstone
Shalimar Gardens	Srinagar. J&K	Pleasure resort in Kashmir
Brindaban Gardens	Mysore, Karnataka	Unique gardens adjacent to the Krishnarajasagar Dam

Monuments of India

Important monuments in india.