Trade Union Movement in India- History APPSC G1 Prelims & Mains

Left Trade Unions

• Communist-dominated trade unions were founded after 1923.

• As a result of the Communist influence on trade unions, "1928 was a year of intense industrial unrest".

All-India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)

• The early leaders of the AITUC included Lala Lajpat Rai, N.M. Johsi and V.V.Giri.

• In 1929, Communists succeeded in securing the approval of the AITUC to its affiliation to the Third International in Moscow. This lead to a split; the moderates, led by N.M. Joshi, left the AITUC and formed the All-India Trade Union Federation (AITUF).

• Another split in the AITUC in 1931, when communists formed the Red Trade Union Congress (RTUC)..

• National Trade Union Federation (NTUF) was formed in 1933.

• In 1936, the AITUC and NTUF came closer together. In 1938, both held a commission session at Nagpur. Unity was finally achieved in 1940 – 11 years after the first split – when NTUF was dissolved and its trade unions affiliated themselves to the AITUC.

• The Bombay Industrial Disputes Act of 1938 and the Shops and Establishments Act of 1939, were passed by the Congress ministries.

• A conference of a large number of trade unions was held in Lahore in Nov 1941, which decided to set up a new central trade union organisation called the Indian Federation of Labour.

• Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) established in May 1944.

• One reason for establishing a new central trade union organisation i.e., INTUC was that the AITUC, after the Nagpur unity in 1938, had been dominated by the Communists.

Mains Change of Exam centre for desired Candidates - APPSC

ANDHRA PRADESH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION::HYDERABAD.

WEB PRESS NOTE

It is hereby informed that the requisition for Change of Examination Centre will be
allowed upto 06/08/2012 for Mains (conventional type) examination under Group-I
Services vide Notification No. 15/2011 and 18/2011.


Place: Hyderabad. Sd/-
Date: 11/07/2012 SECRETARY I/c.

Liberation of Hyderbad - How Nizam to tried to be Third Dominion - APPSC G1 Mains - Paper 3

The desire of the last Nizam to force India to accept a second partition, after the birth of Pakistan, make Hyderabad the third dominion of the sub-continent, and the dream of building an Islamic nation alongside Pakistan, remained only a dream, and his revolt against the mighty Indian Government ended in a whimper.

The Nizam was a man of dreams. At one stage, he even negotiated with Portugal to take Goa to open a naval front, and sent the Commander-in-Chief of his Army, El-Edroos, to purchase arms from Czechoslovakia to fight the invincible Indian Army. But all his plans did not materialise, and his feeble resistance ended within five days after a column of the Indian Army marched into the Nizam-held areas in September 1948.

The Nizam also tried to seek Pakistan's support, but they came to an end after Mohammed Ali Jinnah declared that he would not "endanger Pakistan for a handful of effete nobility". Despite this, the Nizam and his cohorts were under an illusion that Pakistan would be forced to come to their aid if the Indian Government declared war against Hyderabad.

Incidentally, India timed the "Police Action" against the Nizam a day after Jinnah died on September 12, 1948. The timing of the Indian strike took not only the Nizam but also his supporters in Pakistan, and the British by surprise.

The end of the Asaf Jahi Dynasty also signalled the end of the resistance by the princely states against the merger with the Indian Union. When the Mountbatten Plan was announced on June 3, 1947, the Nizam made known his plans through a "firman" (order) issued on June 11, 1947, that Hyderabad was entitled to assume the status of an independent sovereign state on August 15 and when an Indian Independence Bill was introduced in British Parliament on July 9, the Nizam took serious exception to it, and sent a protest note to Lord Mountbatten accusing the British of "forsaking" an old ally.

As the day of Independence neared, the voice of the Nizam grew shrill and, at one stage, he decided to associate himself directly with Britain rather than be forced to join either India or Pakistan. He also made a futile attempt to send a delegation to U.K. and the U.S. to clinch a defence treaty with them.

At the farewell banquet given to British residents on August 14, 1947, the Nizam declared: "It is still my desire, and the desire of Hyderabad, to remain within the family of nations known as the British Commonwealth."

He further said: "When the British go from India, I shall become an independent sovereign."

The violence and attacks on pro-India forces in Hyderabad on August 15, 1947 in which people celebrating the country's freedom were baton charged and fired upon forced the Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, to express his indignation in the Constituent Assembly on August 29.

Although the Nizam denied any disrespect having been caused to the national flag in the violent incidents on August 15, he said through another "firman" issued on August 27 that on August 15 he had assumed the status of an independent sovereign.

Perturbed over the moves of the Nizam to seek the intervention of the UNO in declaring himself independent of the Indian Union, the increasing attacks by the Razakars, the private army of the Nizam, and the intention of the Nizam to revolt against the Indian Union, the Home Minister, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, ordered the "Police Action" on September 13, 1948.

Exactly after four days and 13 hours, the Nizam announced a ceasefire, even before the Indian Army led by Major-General J.N.Choudhury entered the capital, Hyderabad.

Though the official celebration of the liberation of Hyderabad from Nizam's rule on September 17 in Gulbarga, Bidar, Raichur, and Koppal districts has kicked off a row, the fact that the region was liberated and merged with the Indian Union is a momentous event for those who had to suffer untold misery during the oppressive Nizam's rule.

Major reforms in APPSC mooted

The state government has initiated major reforms in the AP Public Service Commission to fill up a large number of vacant posts. Major reforms proposed include single examination for Group I and Group I-B; the number of attempts by the candidates to take the written examination conducted by APPSC will be on the lines of UPPSC; the creation of a new service called Group I-B; interviews for some gazetted and non-gazetted posts; and setting up of a new computer cell to improve the recruitment process.

Attempts

The number of attempts at written examinations under a recruitment would be restricted as in the case of the UPSC.

The committee suggested creation of a news service named Group-I B covering executive posts in the existing Group II, like municipal commissioner grade III, assistant commercial tax officer, deputy tahsildar and Panchayat Raj extension officer, Excise SI.

Group I-B consists of executive posts in the existing Group II including municipal commissioner's Grade-3, ACTO, deputy tahsildar, sub-registrar of cooperation, junior employment officer, assistant labour officer, extension officer, panchayat raj, and excise sub-inspector. Recruitment to vacant posts will be held every year. For this purpose, a calendar of recruitments shall be approved by APPSC by March 31. Departments should submit the list of anticipated vacancies in the next fina-ncial year by November 30.

Draft DPC proposals of direct recruitees will henceforth be sent to APPSC for concurrence to ensure proper adherence to rules and maintenance of roster points by the departments. The government has assured prompt release of funds on quarterly basis. Earlier, Reforms Committee members P.V. Ramesh, Poonam Malakondaiah G.N. Phani Kumar, B. Venkateswara Rao and R. Damodar — met the Chief Minister and submitted their report.