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October 27, 2014

Indian Nobel Prize Winners - Updated(2014) - for Current GK

RABINDRANATH TAGORE (1913) - Literature.
  • Popularly known as Gurudev born in Kolkatta. He was a Bengali poet, philosopher, playwright, composer, and novelist.
  • India's most famous writer and poet was awarded the Nobel Prize in recognition of his work Geetanjali, a collection of poems, in 1913.
  • In 1901 he founded the famous Santiniketan which later came to be known as Vishwabharati University.
  • Rabindranath Tagore was the first non-European and first Asian to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. His elegant prose and magical poetry mesmerized millions.
  • Tagore's major works included Gitanjali, Gora, and Ghare-Baire. Two of his songs are now the national anthems of Bangladesh and India, i.e. the Amar Shonar Bangle and the Jana Gone Mona, respectively.

CHANDRASHEKAR VENKATA RAMAN (1930) - Physics
  • Born at Thiruvanaikkaval in Tamil Nadu, Raman studied at Presidency College, Madras. Later, he served as Professor of Physics at Calcutta University.
  • C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize for an important research in the field of optics (light). Raman had found that diffused light contained rays of other wavelengths-what is now popularly known as Raman Effect. Raman had found that diffused light contained rays of other wavelengths-what is now popularly known as Raman Effect.
  • His theory explains why the frequency of light passing through a transparent medium changes, while some of the light that emerges at a right angle to the original beam is of other frequencies (Raman frequencies) characteristic of the material.
  • He is known for his extensive work in the field of acoustics and light. He even studied the physiology of the human eye.
HARGOBIND KHORANA (1968) - Medicine
  • Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1968 for his study of the Human Genetic Code and its role in Protein Synthesis.
  • Dr. Khorana was born in Raipur, Punjab (now in Pakistan). He went abroad to get his doctorate in Chemistry and later settled there.
  • He continued to head a laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States, until his death in 2011.
  • He shared a 1968 Nobel Prize with M. W. Nirenberg and R. W. Holley for research that helped show how the cell nucleus controls the synthesis of proteins. In 1970 he prepared the first artificial copy of a yeast gene.

MOTHER TERESA (1979) - Peace Prize
  • She was awarded Nobel Prize for Peace in 1979,  for her service through her Charitable Mission “Nirmal Hriday” at Calcutta to people suffering from Leprosy and to those people dying in destitute.
  • Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia. She wanted to become a nun and joined the Irish order of the Sisters of Loretto (at Dublin) in 1928. It is as a nun that Agnes came Calcutta in 1929. Here she was extremely touched by the misery of the poor and the sick. She decided to dedicate her life to serving them. She then founded a group of similar minded people called the Missionaries of Charity and set up Nirmal Hriday a center where she took care of the dying, the lepers and other people who had been left alone on the streets of Calcutta to die.

Dr. SUBRAMANIAN CHANDRASHEKAR (1983) - Physics
  • Dr. Chandrashekar, is an Indian-born astrophysicist, is the nephew of another Nobel Prize winner Sir C.V. Raman. Subramanyam Chandrasekhar was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in the year 1983 for his theoretical studies of the structure and evolution of the stars. He determined that star cluster dynamics were similar in nature to the Brownian motion of particles suspended in liquids.
  • He reported that following its red giant phase, a star with a remaining mass greater than 1.4 times that of the Sun (the Chandrasekhar limit) collapses and becomes a neutron star during a supernova explosion. Stellar remnants more massive than about three solar masses collapse even further to become black holes. He shared a 1983 Nobel Prize with W. A. Fowler. He has written many books on his field Astrophysics and
  • Stellar Dynamics. He developed a theory on white dwarf stars forecasts the limit of mass that dwarf stars can have. This limit is known as the Chandrashekar Limit. His theory also explains the final stages of the evolution of stars.

AMARTYA SEN (1998) - Economics
  • Prof. Amartya Sen is the first Asian to win the Economics Nobel. He is one of the most respected economics thinker in the world. He is also an excellent teacher. He won the Nobel for his work in the area of economic theory. Some of his most important work is in the areas of poverty, democracy, development and social welfare.
  • He was born at Santiniketan, India. Sen is best known for his work on the causes of famine, and his research led to the development of solutions for limiting the effects of food shortages.
  • He wrote Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation (1981) which showed that declining wages, unemployment, rising food prices, and inefficient food distribution could lead to starvation.

Dr.Venkataraman Ramakrishnan-2009
  • Dr.Venkataraman Ramakrishnan, an Indo-American has shared Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the year 2009, along with a co-American Thomas Steitz and Ada Yonath of Israel for mapping ribosomes, the protein procuring factories within cells at the atomic level.

Mr. Kailash Satyarthi -2014
  • Mr.Kailash Satyarthi, an Indian Children's rights activist had been awarded the "Nobel Prize For Peace" for the year 2014, jointly with Ms.Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan (17 years old Children's rights activist of Pakistan)  for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.

The following Nobel Prize Winners are persons of Indian Origin/Citizens of other countries or the Nobel Prize has been given for the works related to India:-
1. Rudyard Kipling, a British Poet has been awarded Nobel Prize for Literature (1907) for his works in Literature such as Poems and Short Stories related to India and Burma/ Myanmar.

2. Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, a British Writer of Indian Origin was awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 2001.

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