This section covers the topics of disaster management for competitive exams where suitable weightage is given. The topics on the blog are review as given below.
>> Major Disasters in India
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Showing posts with label Disaster Management in India. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Disaster Management in India. Show all posts
September 14, 2013
Some Important Terms for preparing questions of Disaster Management
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Disaster Management in India
Disaster Management: the range of activities designed to mitigate the effects of disasters and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping people at-risk to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster. Managing disasters includes steps to be taken prior to, during, and after the disaster, and involve preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery.
Disaster-proneness: the likelihood of a place being affected by a disaster
Natural Hazard: A physical event or phenomena which may cause injury or loss of life, damage to property, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation
Vulnerability: in simple terms is the potential for loss to an individual, community or place because of a disaster, which is affected by geographical as well as social conditions
Disaster Preparedness:
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June 24, 2013
Management of Disasters in India
DISASTERS AFFECT almost every part of the world. According to a World Bank report titled “natural hazards, unnatural disasters,” floods and storms are the most widespread while droughts are prevalent more often in Africa. Regions which suffer from frequent droughts and floods are also home to most of the hungry in the world. Climate change is expected to exacerbate the situation. There is, therefore, a need to recognize hazards and vulnerability in a comprehensive manner and take effective steps for prevention, mitigation and management.
In the case of India, natural disasters like floods, cyclones and drought occur repeatedly in different parts of the country. Many districts of India are prone to multiple hazards and face different disasters around the year. Earthquake, hailstorms.
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| Management of Disasters in India |
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THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005 - Full Bare Act
NO. 53 OF 2005 [23rd December, 2005]
An Act to provide for the effective management of disasters and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-sixth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-
(1) This Act may be called the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
(2) It extends to the whole of India.
(3) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette appoint; and different dates may be appointed for different provisions of this Act and for different States, and any reference to commencement in any provision of this Act in relation to any State shall be construed as a reference to the commencement of that provision in that State.
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June 23, 2013
The highlights of the Disaster Management Act, 2005
1. Creation of new institutions at National level, State level and District level as follows:
i) National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
ii) State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)
iii) District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
2. Constitution of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
3. Setting up of National Disaster Reserve funds and State Disaster Reserve Fund for immediate response
work
work
4. Formation of National Institute of Disaster Mitigation (NIDM) for building the capacities of various stake
holders involved in Disaster Mitigation and Response programs
holders involved in Disaster Mitigation and Response programs
5, Multi-stakeholder participation of Corporates and NGOs in the Disaster Relief, Rehabilitation, Mitigation
and Risk Reduction work
and Risk Reduction work
6. A National Executive Committee (NEC) was constituted under the NDMA with Union Home Secretary as
the Chairperson to monitor, co-ordinate and oversee the functions of the Departments concerned with
respect to Disaster Mitigation
the Chairperson to monitor, co-ordinate and oversee the functions of the Departments concerned with
respect to Disaster Mitigation
7. The State level Relief and Rehabilitation Departments were renamed as Department of Disaster
Management and held responsible for Disaster Mitigation, Risk Reduction, Preparedness and early
Response
Management and held responsible for Disaster Mitigation, Risk Reduction, Preparedness and early
Response
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Calamities included under National Disaster Management Act - First Schedule List & Second Schedule for Nodal Ministries to various types of Disasters
“Disaster” means a catastrophe or calamity, resulting from
natural or man made causes or by accident or negligence, which results in
substantial loss of life or property, or human suffering or degradation of
environment and shall include the calamities referred to in the First Schedule
and does not include incidents like
riots, wars, terrorist activities, etc.
The First Schedule
CALAMITIES
Water and Climate
Related Calamities
1. Flood or drainage
2. Cyclone
3. Hurricane
4. Hailstorm
5. Cloud burst
6. Heat wave
7. Cold wave
8. Drought
9. Crop failure
10. Famines
11. Sea erosion
12. Snow storm
13. Blizzard
14. Sand storm
15. Thunder or lightning
Geologically Related
Calamities
16. Landslides, rock-slides or mudflows
17. Earthquakes
18. Avalanche
19. Volcanic eruptions
20. Rivers changing path
Chemical, Industrial
and Nuclear Related
Calamities
21. Chemical and industrial disasters
22. Nuclear disasters
Accident Related
Calamities
23. Forest fires
24. Urban fires
25. Mine flooding or mine fires or mine collapse
26. Oil spill
27. Building collapse
28. Dam failures/dam bursts
29. Festival related disasters
30. Fire and electrical disasters
31. Air, road and train accidents
32. Boat capsizing
33. Village fire
Biologically Related
Calamities
34. Biological disasters and epidemics
35. Pest attacks
36. Cattle epidemics
37. Food poisoning
The Second Schedule -NODAL MINISTRIES
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Drought
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Ministry of Agriculture
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Epidemics & Biological Disasters
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Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
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Chemical Disasters
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Ministry of Environment & Forests
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Nuclear Disasters
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Ministry of Atomic Energy
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Air Accidents
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Ministry of Civil Aviation
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Railway Accidents
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Ministry of Railways
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Susceptibility of India to Natural Disasters in India based on types of disasters
Earthquakes: During the last 20 years, India has experienced 10 major earthquakes that have claimed more than 35,000 lives. Almost 58% of our total land mass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity. The Himalayan mountain range is undergoing constant geological changes (crustal movements) resulting in frequent earthquakes and landslides.
Floods: Floods in the Indo-Gangetic – Brahmaputra plains are an annual feature. Several thousands of lives have been lost, millions have been rendered homeless and 8 million hectares of crops are damaged every year. India receives 75% of rains during the monsoon season (June – September). As a result almost all the rivers carry heavy waters during this time resulting in sediment deposition, drainage congestion, invading into the main land. 40 million hectares of land is vulnerable to floods with about 30 million people affected by flood every year. Floods brought severe drought in arid and semi arid areas. About 12% of the total land mass is flood prone.
Cyclones: India has a long coastline running 7,516 km long and the entire coastal stretch is exposed to Tsunami, cyclone, Tidal waves and storm surges. On an average, five to six tropical cyclones strike every year, of which two or three are very severe. More cyclones occur in the Bay of Bengal than in the Arabian Sea and the ratio is approximately 4:1. Every year the eastern coast is affected by cyclones and Tsunami. The Orissa Super Cyclone (1999) and the India Tsunami 2004 claimed thousands and thousands of human lives devastating agricultural crops and rendering lakhs and lakhs of people homeless.
Drought: The Desert which is located in the western region of the country and the Deccan Plateau face recurring droughts due to acute shortage of rainfall. About 50 million people are affected annually by drought and 40 million hectares of land are prone to scanty or no rain.
Landslides: Landslides are yet another recurrent phenomenon in the hilly regions of India such as Himalayas, North-East India and Eastern and Western Ghat regions. The major Landslide disaster that took place was at Malpa Uttarkhand (UP) in the year 1998 when nearly 380 people were killed when massive landslides washed away the entire village. The 2010 Leh cloudburst led to flash mudslides and flash floods that killed 196 people swept away a number of houses and public buildings.
Cold waves: Cold waves are common and recurrent disaster in North India. During the winter season due to extreme cold climates, hundreds of people die of cold bites and related diseases every year. The impact is more on the urban poor.
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Total Loss dues to Natural disasters in India
Natural Disasters from 1980 – 2010 - An Overview
Over View | |
No of events | 431 |
| No of people killed: | 143,039 |
| Average killed per year: | 4,614 |
| No of people affected: | 1,521,726,127 |
| Average affected per year: | 49,087,940 |
| Economic Damage (US$ X 1,000): | 48,063,830 |
| Economic Damage per year (US$ X 1,000): | 1,550,446 |
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Major Disasters that struck India in the recent decades
| 1. Uttarkashi Earthquake in 1991 |
| 2. Killani Earthquake in 1993 |
| 3. Latur Earthquake in Maharashtra in 1993 |
| 4. Koyama Earthquake in 1997 |
| 5. Chamoli Earthquake in Uttarakhand in 1999 |
| 6. Super Cyclone in Orissa in 1999 |
| 7. Bhuj Earthquake in 2001 |
| 8. Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 |
| 9. Kashmir Earthquake in 2005 |
| 10. Barmer Floods in Rajasthan in 2006 |
| 11. Kosi Floods in Bihar in 2008 |
| 12. Cyclone Aila in West Bengal in 2009 |
| 13. Cyclone Laila in Andhra Pradesh in 2009 |
| 11. Cloudburst in Leh in 2010 |
| 12. Thane Cyclone in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry 2011 |
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