Advertisements
Showing posts with label Biology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Biology. Show all posts
July 14, 2022
March 17, 2016
December 8, 2015
Part 9: 60+ Biology Important MCQ/Bits in Telugu Medium
Labels:
Biology
Also Read:
- Part 7: Biology Important Bits in Telugu Medium
- DISEASES AND AFFECTED ORGANS in Human Body
- Diseases of Eyes
- 120+ Pages - Biology Class Notes in Telugu Medium for Civil Services
- Vitamins-Functions, Types, Characteristics, Chemical Name, Uses and Deficiency Diseases
- Liver & its Disorders
- Plant Growth Hormones
Advertisements
Part 8: 70+ Biology Important MCQ/Bits in Telugu Medium
Labels:
Biology
Also Read:
- Part 7: Biology Important Bits in Telugu Medium
- 120+ Pages - Biology Class Notes in Telugu Medium for Civil Services
- Vitamins-Functions, Types, Characteristics, Chemical Name, Uses and Deficiency Diseases
- Part 6: Biology Important Bits in Telugu Medium for TSPSC (TM)
- Part 5: 70+ Bits on Diseases in Humans
- Important Vaccines and Persons who discovered them
- Important Therapeutic Instruments in Medicine
- IMPORTANT DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Advertisements
August 29, 2015
Cellular Respiration in Humans: Types, Raw Materials & End Products
Labels:
Biology
I. Reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O ——> 6CO2 + 12 H2O + energy (38 ATP and heat)
II. Aerobic Cellular Respiration occurs in three stages.
A. Glycolysis (occurs in the cytoplasm)
1. One glucose is split into two pyruvates (C3H4O3).
2. 4 ATP are produced, but 2 endergonic reactions use up 2 ATP.
3. Glycolysis requires no oxygen, and occurs whether oxygen is present or not.
4. Glycolysis occurs in all living cells.
5. Fermentation follows glycolysis in anaerobic conditions.
a. Fermentation is not part of aerobic cellular respiration.
b. Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm.
c. The purpose of fermentation is to prevent the accumulation of pyruvate, and to prevent the depletion of the NADox pool.
d. There is more than one kind of fermentation.
B. Krebs Cycle (occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria)
1. The Krebs cycle follows glycolysis in aerobic conditions (if the cell is capable of aerobic respiration).
2. It produces one ATP per pyruvate fed into the cycle.
3. It produces 4 NADred and 1 FADred for each pyruvate.
4. The Krebs Cycle uses no oxygen, but it can’t go if the ETS isn’t going, so it’s O2 dependent.
5. This cycle runs once per pyruvate, thus twice per glucose.
6. Per glucose, the Krebs Cycle produces 6 CO2 (discarded as waste in animal cells, recaptured for photosynthesis in plant cells).
C. Electron Transport System (oxidative phosphoryllation) (occurs in the membranes of the cristae of the mitochondria)
1. The hydrogens on the reduced NAD’s and FAD’s are split into one H+ and one e- each.
2. The electrons are used to perform a series of reduction/oxidation chemical reactions which produce a lot of energy, which is used to make 34 ATP’s (probably via chemiosmotic coupling) and quite a bit of heat.
3. Electron pairs from NAD red result in the production of 3 ATP’s each; those from FADred produce only two.
4. At the end, the electrons are reunited with their H+ and joined to ½ O2 (from the air) to produce H2O.
III. 38 ATP’s are produced from the oxidation of one glucose: 4 are produced by glycolysis, but two must be used up to gain these four; 2 are produced by the two rounds of the Krebs Cycle; and 34 are produced by the electron transport system.
IV. Each of the three steps contains a series of chemical reactions, most of which are under enzyme control.
Where do the raw materials for respiration come from?
A. Glucose comes from the food you eat. If you are a plant, you make your own glucose, which you probably store as starch.
B. Oxygen comes from the air you breathe. If you are a plant, you produce oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis.
C. Water is the most plentiful substance in your body.
What happens to the products of cellular respiration?
A. ATP is used by your cells as the energy source for any endergonic chemical reactions which need to occur.
B. Heat is a waste product. If you are endothermic, it is used to heat your body.
C. Water is added back to your cell’s supply (pool).
D. CO2 is a waste product of cellular respiration. If you are an animal, you discard it as a gas. If you are a plant, you recapture it and use it in photosynthesis (if the lights are on).
E. HOWEVER, photosynthesis and respiration are separate processes, which occur in completely separate organelles, and plants do cellular respiration exactly the same way animals do it.
Advertisements
June 26, 2015
100+ Important Points in General Science- Biology for Competitive Exams
Labels:
Biology
Advertisements
జీర్ణ వ్యవస్థ
Labels:
Biology
మనం తీసుకునే ఆహారంలో శోషణ చెందని సంక్లిష్ట అణువులను, శోషణ చెందే సరళ అణువులుగా మార్చే ప్రక్రియను ‘జీర్ణక్రియ’ అంటారు. ఇది జీర్ణవ్యవస్థలో జరుగుతుంది. జీర్ణవ్యవస్థలో జీర్ణనాళం, దాని అనుబంధ గ్రంథులు ఉం టాయి. జీర్ణ గ్రంథులు విడుదల చేసే జీర్ణ రసాల్లోని ఎంజైమ్లు జీర్ణ క్రియను నిర్వహిస్తాయి.
జీర్ణనాళం:
మానవునిలో జీర్ణనాళం నోటితో మొదలై పాయువుతో అంతమౌతుంది. నోరు నోటికుహరంలోకి తెరుచుకుంటుంది. ఇది మళ్లీ గ్రసనిలోకి, తర్వాత ఆహారవాహికలోకి; ఆహారవాహిక జీర్ణాశయంలోకి; జీర్ణాశయం చిన్నపేగులోకి తెరుచుకుంటుంది. చిన్నపేగులో ఆంత్రమూలం, జెజునం, ఇలియం అనే మూడు భాగాలు ఉంటాయి. చిన్నపేగు పెద్ద పేగులోకి తెరుచుకుంటుంది. చిన్నపేగు, పెద్దపేగు మధ్య ఉండూకం (అపెండిక్స్) అనే అవశేష అవయవం ఉంటుంది. పెద్దపేగులో కోలన్, పురుషనాళం అనే భాగాలుంటాయి. చివర్లో ఇది పాయువు అనే రంధ్రం ద్వారా తెరుచుకుంటుంది. ఈ జీర్ణనాళంలోని నోటి కుహరం జీర్ణాశయం, ఆంత్రమూలం, జెజునంలలో జీర్ణక్రియ లు జరుగుతాయి. ఇలియం అనే భాగంలో జీర్ణమైన ఆహారం రక్తంలోకి శోషణం చెందుతుంది. జీర్ణంకాని వ్యర్థమంతా పెద్దపేగు ద్వారా సాగుతూ మలంగా మారి విసర్జితమవుతుంది.
Advertisements
Sources of Minerals, Vitamins and Proteins for Human Body
Labels:
Biology
Nutrients and their Sources for Human
Body
|
|
Nutrient
|
Dietary Source
|
Proteins
|
Meat
(raw or slightly cooked), cooked fish, cooked eggs, milk (if the dog
tolerates it), cheese.. Avoid scraps with many tendons, raw eggs, raw fish.
|
Starch
|
Well
cooked grains (rice, noodles, Avoid potatoes, bread, raw grains.
|
Fibre
|
Vegetables
(green beans, carrots, cooked greens), bran (in very small quantities). Avoid
cabbage, onions, turnips.
|
Fats
|
Animal
fats (lard, tallow, poultry fat), vegetable oils (soy, corn, borage). Avoid
rancid or overcooked fats. |
Advertisements
Blood & its Disorders
Labels:
Biology
Blood is an incredible material that is responsible for so many processes in our body. We often take it for granted. Sometimes things go wrong with blood. Take a look at just a few conditions that impact our blood's health.
Blood Groups : I suggest you must read this important topic (Click Here)
Anemia — Anemia is the most common disorder and is a condition in which the blood is not able to carry enough oxygen. This can happen for a variety of reasons, but is often due to a lack of nutrients or a severe loss of blood. Anemia of any kind can cause tiredness, shortness of breath and dizziness among other symptoms. Anemia can be a very serious issue.
Sickle Cell Anemia — Sickle cell anemia is a condition affecting certain ethnic backgrounds in which the hemoglobin is defective and causes the cells to become sticky and misshapen. They do not carry oxygen well and can even get stuck in veins and arteries. Sickle cell patients require blood transfusions frequently.
Advertisements
Blood - Properties and its Contents - Explained
Labels:
Biology
Whole blood makes up about 7% of a person's body weight. The cellular elements of blood determine its categorization as red or white blood cells, or as platelets. The fluid element is known as blood plasma. This plasma is composed of water, proteins, hormones, vitamins, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates and inorganic salts. Next to water, which comprises 90 percent of its composition, the most important elements in blood plasma are the three blood plasma proteins: albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen. The salts present in plasma include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate. These salts function in many important body processes. For instance, calcium functions in muscle contraction; sodium, chloride, and potassium function in nerve impulse transmission in nerve cells; and bicarbonate regulates pH. These salts are also called electrolytes.
• Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
• Its quantity is 6.8 litres in man and 500 ml less in
woman.
• Constitutes 6-8% of body weight and has a pH of 7.4.
Red Blood Corpuscles
(RBCs)
• Also called erythrocytes, disc-shaped, no nucleus, contains
a pigment called Haemoglobin, which gives blood its red color and transports
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• Manufactured in Red Bone marrow.
• Life is of 120 days.
• No. of RBCs is 4.5-5 million/cubic
mm. of blood.
WHITE BLOOD
CORPUSCLES (WBCS)
• Also called leucocytes, rounded, with a nucleus and far
less numerous than RBCs (8,000 per cubic mm. of blood).
• Manufactured in Red
Bone marrow.
• Act as the soldiers of body’s defence system.Hemoglobin contains iron which combines with oxygen to give hemoglobin and our blood, a red color.
PLATELETS
• Also called thrombocytes and are about 2,50,000 per cubic
mm. of blood.Platelets help blood clot in order to limit bleeding when your skin is cut. Blood clots can occasionally have negative effects, if they form in blood vessels going to the brain they can cause a stroke while clotting in a blood vessel going to the heart can lead to a heart attack.
• Manufactured in Red Bone marrow.
Advertisements
March 28, 2015
Part 7: Biology Important Bits in Telugu Medium for APPSC & TSPSC (TM)
Labels:
Biology
Advertisements
November 23, 2014
Vitamins - Cheat Sheet for Fast Review
Labels:
Biology
|
Nutrients
|
Deficiency
|
Excess
|
|
Carbohydrates
|
Low energy
|
Diabetes, obesity
|
|
Fats
|
None
|
Cardiovascular
disease, obesity
|
|
Cholesterol
|
none
|
Cardiovascular disease
|
|
Protein
|
Kwashiorkor
(edema, anorexia,
inadequate growth)
|
Rabbit starvation
(diarrhoea, headache, low BP, low heart rate
Discomfort/hunger that
can only be satisfied by eating fats and carbohydrates
|
|
Sodium
|
Hyponatremia
(electrolyte
imbalance)
|
Hypernatremia,
hypertension
|
|
Iron
|
Anaemia
|
Cirrhosis (chronic
liver disease), heart disease
|
|
Iodine
|
Goitre, hypothyroidism
|
Iodine toxicity
|
|
Vitamin A
|
Night blindness, Xeropthalmia
(dry eyes)
|
Hypervitaminosis A
(birth defects, liver problems, osteoporosis)
|
Advertisements
October 18, 2014
1-Biology Quiz for Civil Service Exams - Test Your Score Live!
Labels:
Biology
Objective Bit Bank from Various Competitive Exams, GK Quiz Multiple Choice Questions with answers asked in Many Civil Service Exams with Key, Quiz on General Knowledge, GK Test, Questions & Answers for UPSC IAS, SSC Tier 1, Bank PO Clerical, Railway RRB, APPSC, APSPSC & TPSC
File Size is 500KB - Be Patient for it Load
File Size is 500KB - Be Patient for it Load
Advertisements
October 2, 2014
40+ Biology Quiz's -Practice Yourself for Civil Service Exams
Labels:
Biology,
Biology Quiz,
Index Pages
Biology Objective Bit Bank from Various Competitive Exams, GK Quiz Multiple Choice Questions with answers asked in Many Civil Service Exams with Key, Quiz on General Knowledge, GK Test, Questions & Answers for UPSC IAS, SSC Tier 1, Bank PO Clerical, Railway RRB, APPSC, APSPSC & TPSC
All the Questions provided here are collected from previous years competitive exams papers. So the users are advised to attempt every question and feel confident for upcoming exams.
Advertisements
August 15, 2014
Liver - Anatomy, Functions, Diseases & Tests Explained
Labels:
Biology
Why is
liver called a Gland?
|
Gland is a organ which can
secrete chemicals or hormones. In this case Liver produces bile, a substance
needed to digest fats. Bile’s salts break up fat into smaller pieces so it can
be absorbed more easily in the small intestine.
The liver is the largest
glandular organ in the body. Liver is the only organ in the body that can
regenerate itself in human body.
The liver is located in the upper
right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top
of the stomach, right kidney, and intestines. Shaped like a cone, the liver is
a dark reddish-brown organ that weighs about 3 pounds ( or 1.5 kgs average)
The liver consists of four lobes, they are - the left, right, caudate,
and quadrate lobes.
i) The left and right lobes are
the largest lobes and are separated by the falciform ligament. ii) The right
lobe is about 5 to 6 times larger than the tapered left lobe.
iii) The small caudate lobe
extends from the posterior side of the right lobe and wraps around the inferior
vena cava.
iv) The small quadrate lobe is
inferior to the caudate lobe and extends from the posterior side of the right
lobe and wraps around the gallbladder.
Advertisements
August 9, 2014
Important Diagnostic Instruments in Medicine - for General Awareness
Labels:
Biology
Electro Cardiography (ECG): Detects
changes in ‘electrical potentials' generated by contraction of heart muscles,
which are recorded by placing two special electrodes over particular point of
the body. It helps in diagnosis of heart diseases, including myocardial
infarction (or coronary thrombosis), myocardial ischemia, cardiac arrhythmia.
Electro Encephalograph (EEG):
Records the electrical activity of the brain on suitable paper, with the help
of two special electrodes placed on the scalp. It helps in diagnosis of
epilepsy, intracranial tumours (or brain tumours).
Electromyography (EMG):
Involves graphic recording of muscle ‘action potentials’, which helps in
diagnosis of various neuromuscular or muscular diseases and disorders.
Autoanalysers:
Advertisements
HUMAN BRAIN - Structure, Functions & Diseases Explained
Labels:
Biology
The human brain consists of two
parts, namely, the brain lodged in the brain case (skull) and the spinal cord
lodged in the vertebral column.
General Facts about Human Brain
- The human brain has two sides. The right side and the left side. The right side controls the left half of the body and the left side controls the right half of the body.
- The Skull protects the brain its is composed of 22 Bones.
- The weight of the average human brain triples between birth and adulthood. The final weight of the brain in an adult male is about 1.4 kg and 1.3 kg in the case of a woman, which averages about 3 per cent of body weight of a normal person.
- The brain uses about 20 per cent of the oxygen a man breathes, 20 per cent of calories a man takes in and about 15 per cent of body blood.
Advertisements
July 10, 2014
120+ Pages - Biology Class Notes in Telugu Medium for Civil Services & APPSC Exams- Part 1
Labels:
Biology,
Index Pages
Biology Class Notes for UPSC in Telugu Medium, Biology
Telugu Medium Material, APPSC General Studies Material Download, Online APPSC
Group 1 and Group 2 Telugu Medium study Material for Government Jobs in Andhra Pradesh
and Telangana.
Other
Parts
|
|
Advertisements
June 20, 2014
Vitamins-Functions, Types, Characteristics, Chemical Name, Uses and Deficiency Diseases
Labels:
Biology,
general Awareness
These essential nutrients are broken up into two groups based on the amount that is needed:
1. Macro nutrients: protein, carbohydrates, fat, and water
2. Micro nutrients: vitamins and minerals
Vitamins: Vitamins comprises micro-nutrients, since these are required in minute quantities. These are necessary for normal growth, good health, good vision, proper digestion of body. etc. Each vitamin has its own importance for life and the health of the body. It is difficult to replace it by any other thing. If there is deficiency of vitamins in the diet of body, the body suffers from various diseases and ailments.
Function of Vitamins
Vitamins are helpful for the health and life of the body in the following respects:
(a) They build up the resistance of the body against diseases.
(b) Prevent and cure various diseases caused by deficiency.
(c) Help the digestion and utilisation of mineral salts and Carbohydrates in the body.
(d) Stimulate and give strength to digestive and nervous system.
(e) Help health protection.
(f) Help maintenance of proper health and normal growth.
1. Macro nutrients: protein, carbohydrates, fat, and water
2. Micro nutrients: vitamins and minerals
Vitamins: Vitamins comprises micro-nutrients, since these are required in minute quantities. These are necessary for normal growth, good health, good vision, proper digestion of body. etc. Each vitamin has its own importance for life and the health of the body. It is difficult to replace it by any other thing. If there is deficiency of vitamins in the diet of body, the body suffers from various diseases and ailments.
Function of Vitamins
Vitamins are helpful for the health and life of the body in the following respects:
(a) They build up the resistance of the body against diseases.
(b) Prevent and cure various diseases caused by deficiency.
(c) Help the digestion and utilisation of mineral salts and Carbohydrates in the body.
(d) Stimulate and give strength to digestive and nervous system.
(e) Help health protection.
(f) Help maintenance of proper health and normal growth.
Vitamins are classified as
Advertisements
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)