Year
|
War / Battle
|
Outcome
|
326 B.C.
|
Battle of Hydaspas
|
Battle of Hyadaspes fought between Alaxender and Porus
in 326 B.C, in which Alaxender defeated the Porus.
|
261 B.C.
|
Kalinga War
|
When Ashoka, the son of the Mauryan
emperor Bindusara and the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, ascended the
throne of Magadha in 273 B.C. treading in the footsteps of his forefathers he
set out to expand his empire. In the 12th year of his reign, he sent a
message to Kalinga asking its submission, but the Kalingaraj refused to
submit to the Mauryan empire.
As a result Ashoka lead a huge army
against Kalinga. This took place in 261 B.C., the freedom loving people of
Kalinga offered a stiff resistance to the Mauryan army. The whole of Kalinga
turned into a battle arena. History offers us but few examples of such
fiercely fought wars as this. The Kalingaraj himself commanded his army in
the battle field. However, the limited forces of Kalinga were no match for
the overwhelming Magadha army. Contrary to Ashoka's expectations, the people
of Kalinga fought with such great valor that on number of occasions they came
very close to a victory. The soldiers of Kalinga perished in the battlefield
fighting till their last breath for their independence. The victory ultimately
rested with Ashoka.
The war took a tremendous toll of
life and property. The 13th rock edict of Ashoka throws light on this war.
Atleast 0.1 million Kalingans were killed while another 0.15 million were
taken prisoners. And almost equal number of Magadha soldiers were also
killed. There was not a single man left in Kalinga to live a life of slavery.
This is the singular instance of a
war in history which brought about a complete change of heart in a stern
ruler like Ashoka. The scene of the war presented a horrible sight, the whole
terrain was covered with the corpses of soldiers, wounded soldiers groaned in
severe pain, vultures hovered over their dead bodies, orphaned children
mourning the loss of their nears and dears, widows looked blank and despaired.
This sight overwhelmed Ashoka. He
realized that his victory at such a cost is not worthwhile. The whole war
resulted in Ashoka's deviation towards Buddhism and after two and a half
years he became an ardent follower of Buddhism under Acharya Upgupta
|
712 A.D.
|
According to Muslim historical
accounts such as the Chach Nama, the nature of the expeditions was punitive,
and in response to raids carried out by pirates on Arab shipping, operating
around Debal. The allegation was made that the King of Sindh, Raja Dahir was
the patron of these pirates. The third expedition was led by a 20-year-old
arabian chieftain named Muhammad bin Qasim. The expedition went as far North
as Multan, then called the "City of Gold," that contained the
extremely large Hindu temple of Sun god.
Bin Qasim invaded the sub-continent
at the orders of Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef, the governor of Iraq. Qasim's armies
defeated Raja Dahir at what is now Hyderabad in Sindh in 712. He then
proceeded to subdue the lands from Karachi to Multan with an initial force of
only six thousand arabian tribesmen; thereby establishing the dominion of the
Umayyad Caliphate from Lisbon in Portugal to the Indus Valley. Qasim's stay
was brief as he was soon recalled to Iraq, and the Caliphates rule in South
Asia shrank to Sindh and Southern Punjab in the form of Arab states, the
principal of whom were Al Mansura and Multan.
|
|
1191 A.D.
|
First Battle of Tarain
|
In 1191, Muhammad Ghori attacked
Sirhind or Bathinda on northwestern frontier of Chauhan kingdom. Prithviraj's
along with his army, led by vassal Govinda-Raj, rushed to the defense of the
frontier, and the two armies fought a battle at Tarain. This is how the First
war of Tairan began.
Two wings of Turkic army was defeated
and fled away while Muhammad Ghori could not recover from the blow and
fainted from the shock. The army surrendered and Muhammad was made prisoner.
Muhammad of Ghor begged for mercy and Prithviraj pardoned him.
|
1192 A.D.
|
Second Battle of Tarain
|
Ghori defeats Prithviraj Chauhan;
In 1192, Ghori after returning to his capital Ghazni challenged Prithviraj at
the Second Battle of Tarain. Both Muhmmad and Prithviraj increased their
army’s strength. Muhmmad divided his huge troop into 5 parts and Prithviraj
increased army with the help of 150 Rajput kingdoms. Muhammad Ghori asked
Prithviraj Chauhan to either change his religion to Muslim or be prepared to
be defeated by him. Prithviraj Chauhan cease-fired.
Muhammad Ghori decieved Prithviraj
with a letter of acceptance of the treaty. The Rajput armySecond BAttle of
Terrain was in a relaxed mood. Suddenly Ghori`s army attacked Prithviraj`s
army in the wee hours. At the end of the day Muhammad Ghori was victorious.
About hundred thousand Rajput
soldiers died in the battle. The second battle of Tarain opened the way for
conquerors of India. Muhammad and his successors established an Islamic
Empire in India as the Sultanate of Delhi.
|
1194 A.D.
|
Battle of Chandiwar
|
The
battle was fought at Chandwar (modern Firozabad), on the Jumna River close to
Agra. In most accounts the Hindus were close to victory when an arrow hit
Jaichand in the eye, killing him. He fell off his elephant, was trampled, and
after the battle could only be identified by the gold caps on his teeth. With
their leader gone the Hindu army broke and fled, taking heavy casualties
during the pursuit. An alternative tradition has Jaichand escape from the
battlefield and found a new dynasty in the Kurnaon Hills.
His
victory at Chandwar gave Muhammad control of much of northern India, although
it took Aibak several years to consolidate that rule, and it was briefly
threatened in 1205 after Muhammad suffered a serious defeat at Andkhui.
|
1526 A.D.
|
First Battle of Panipat
|
Babar defeats Ibrahim Lodhi
|
1527 A.D.
|
Battle of Khanua
|
Babar defeats Rana Sanga
|
1529 A.D.
|
Battle of Ghaghara
|
Babar defeats the Afghans
|
1539 A.D.
|
Battle of Chausa
|
Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayun
|
1540 A.D.
|
Battle of Kannauj (or Bilgram)
|
Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayun
|
1556 A.D.
|
Second Battle of Panipat
|
Bairam Khan (representing Akbar)
defeats Hemu
|
1565 A.D.
|
Battle of Talikota (or Banihatti)
|
Vijaynagar empire (represented by
Sadasiva) loses against an alliance formed by Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Golkonda
and Bidar
|
1576 A.D.
|
Battle of Haldighati
|
Akbar defeats Maharana Pratap
|
1615 A.D.
|
Mewar submitted to the Mughals
|
Peace treaty signed between
Jahangiri and Rana Amar Singh of Mewar.
|
1649 A.D.
|
Mughal-Safavid War
|
Mughals lose Kandahar to Persia
|
1658 A.D.
|
Battle of Dharmatt and Samugarh
|
Aurangzeb defeats Dara Shikoh
|
1665 A.D.
|
Seige of Purandar
|
Raja Jai Singh defeats Shivaji.
Treaty of Purandar signed
|
1708 A.D.
|
Battle of Khed
|
Shahu defeats Tara Bai.
|
1737 A.D.
|
Battle of Bhopal
|
Baji Rao defeats Mohammed Shah.
|
1739 A.D.
|
Battle of Karnal
|
Nadir Shah defeats Mohammed Shah.
|
1757 A.D.
|
Battle of Plassey
|
Robert Cive defeats Siraj-ud-daula,
the Nawab of Bengal
|
1760 A.D.
|
Battle of Wandiwash
|
English defeat the French
|
1761 A.D.
|
Third Battle of Panipat
|
Ahmed Shah Abdali defeats Marathas
|
1764 A.D.
|
Battle of Buxar
|
Hector Munro defeats combined
armies of Nawab Mir Qasim of Bengal, Nawab Shuja-ud-daula of Awadh and Mughal
emperor Shah Alam
|
1767-69 A.D.
|
First Anglo Mysore War
|
Hyder Ali defeats English forces
|
1766-69 A.D.
|
First Anglo Maratha War
|
British defeated
|
1770 A.D.
|
Battle of Udgir
|
Marathas defeat the Nizam
|
1780-84 A.D.
|
Second Anglo Mysore War
|
Hyder Ali dies. Treaty of Mangalore
is signed
|
1789-92 A.D.
|
Third Anglo Mysore War
|
Tipu Sultan defeated. Treaty of Serirangapatnam
is signed.
|
1799 A.D.
|
Fourth Anglo Mysore War
|
Tipu Sultan is defeated and killed
|
1803-06 A.D.
|
Second Anglo Maratha War
|
Marathas lose to the British
|
1817-19 A.D.
|
Third Anglo Maratha War
|
Marathas lose to the British again
|
1824-26 A.D.
|
First Anglo Burmese War
|
British win over Burmese.
|
1839-42 A.D.
|
First Anglo Afghan War
|
British defeat Afghan ruler Dost
Mohammad
|
1845-46 A.D.
|
First Anglo Sikh War
|
Sikhs lose to the British
|
1848-49 A.D.
|
Second Anglo Sikh War
|
Punjab annexed by the British
|
1852 A.D.
|
Second Anglo Burmese War
|
British win the war
|
1865 A.D.
|
Third Angio Burmese War
|
British win and Burma is annexed
|
1868-80 A.D.
|
Second Anglo Afghan War
|
Treaty of Gandamak is signed
|
1919-21 A.D.
|
Third Anglo Afghan War
|
Ended in an Artimice. Durand line
established.
|
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