An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals. Alloys are
normally made to give a particular metal a feature that it does not have in its
natural state. For instance, copper in its natural state is very soft; however,
copper alloys help the metal toughen and thus give it the ability to retain its
shape. Alloys are usually synthetic
materials, developed by scientists for special purposes. They generally have
specially desirable properties quite different from the metals from which they
are made.
|
Alloy
|
Composition
|
Uses
|
|
Babbitt
metal
|
tin: 90%
|
used in
bearings because of its low measure of fricti with steel
|
|
antimony:
7%
|
|
copper: 3%
|
|
bell metal
|
copp 77%
|
casting of
bells
|
|
tin : 23%
|
|
brass
|
Cu(60% to 80%), Zn (40 to 20%)
|
inexpensive
jewelry; hose nozzles and couplings; piping; stamping dies
|
|
bronze
|
copper
with up 12% tin
|
coins and
medals; heavy gears; tools; electrical hardware
|
|
Coin metal
|
copper:
75%
|
U.S. coins
|
|
nickel
|
|
duralumin
|
aluminum:
95%
|
aircraft,
boats, railroad cars, and machinery because of its high strength and
resistance to corrosion
|
|
copper: 4%
|
|
manganese:
<1%
|
|
magnesium:
0.5%
|
|
Monel
|
nickel 60%
|
corrosion-resistant
containers
|
|
copper:
33%
|
|
iron: 7%
|
|
Nichrome
|
nickel:
80-85%
|
heating
elements in toasters, electric heaters, etc.
|
|
chromium:
15-20%
|
|
phosphor
bronze
|
bronze
with a small amount of phosphorus
|
springs
electrical springs, boat propellers
|
|
solder
|
lead: 50%
|
joining
two metals to each other
|
|
tin: 50%
|
|
sterling
silver
|
silver:
92.5%
|
jewellery,
art objects
|
|
copper:
7.5%
|
|
Type metal
|
lead:
75-95%
|
used to
make type for printing because it expands as it cools
|
|
antimony:
2-18%
|
|
tin: trace
|
|
German Silver
|
Cu (60%), Zn (25%), Ni (15%)
|
For making utencils
|
|
Magnelium
|
Mg (5%), Al (95%)
|
For making aircraft frame
|
|
Rolled Gold
|
Cu(90%), Ni (10%)
|
For making cheap ornaments
|
|
Gun metal
|
Cu (85%), Zn (10%), Sn(5%)
|
Used for engineering purpose
|
|
Steel
|
Fe (98%), C (2%)
|
For making nails, screws, bridges
|
|
Stainless Steel
|
Fe (82%) Cr, Ni (18%)
|
for making cooking utencils, knives
|
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