11వ పంచవర్ష ప్రణాళిక (2007-12)

11వ పంచవర్ష ప్రణాళిక (2007-12):  పదకొండో పంచవర్ష ప్రణాళిక 2007 ఏప్రిల్ 1న ప్రారంభమైంది. ప్రణాళిక సంఘం ఈ ప్రణాళిక ముసాయిదా పత్రాన్ని 2006 అక్టోబరు 19న ప్రతిపాదించింది. ఈ ప్రణాళికను జాతీయ అభివృద్ధి మండలి 2007 డిసెంబరు 19న ఆమోదించింది.  11వ ప్రణాళిక పెట్టుబడి రూ. 36,44,718 కోట్లు. దీంట్లో పదో ప్రణాళిక కంటే 120 శాతం ఎక్కువగా పెట్టుబడి పెట్టారు. ఇందులో కేంద్రం వాటా రూ. 21,56,571 కోట్లు (59.2 శాతం), రాష్ట్రాల వాటా రూ. 14,88,147 కోట్లు (40.8 శాతం). దీంట్లో ఎక్కువ మొత్తంలో ప్రణాళిక పెట్టుబడి పొందిన రాష్ర్టం - ఉత్తరప్రదేశ్ (రూ. 1,81,094 కోట్లు). రూ. 1,47,395 కోట్లతో ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ రెండో స్థానంలో ఉంది.

 

 11వ ప్రణాళిక - వనరుల కేటాయింపులు:

 1. సామాజిక సేవలు:  30.3%

 2. శక్తి/ విద్యుచ్ఛక్తి:  23.4%

 3. వ్యవసాయం, నీటి పారుదల: 18.5%

 4. రవాణా, సమాచారం: 18.3%

 5. పరిశ్రమలు, ఖనిజాలు: 4.2%

 6. సైన్‌‌స అండ్ టెక్నాలజీ, పర్యావరణం: 2.4%

 7. సాధారణ ఆర్థిక సేవలు:  1.7%

 8. ఇతర సేవలు:  1.2%

 సామాజిక సేవలు అంటే విద్య, వైద్యం, ఆరోగ్యం, మంచినీరు, పారిశుధ్యం, గృహ వసతి మొదలైనవి. ఈ సామాజిక సేవలో భాగమైన విద్యకు 9.5%, ఆరోగ్యానికి 5% కేటాయింపులు చేశారు. విద్యకు ఇచ్చిన ప్రాధాన్యత దృష్ట్యా పద కొండో ప్రణాళికను మాజీ ప్రధాని మన్మోహన్ సింగ్  ‘విద్యా ప్రణాళిక’గా పేర్కొన్నారు.

 పదకొండో ప్రణాళికలో ప్రాధాన్యం ఇచ్చిన రంగాలు:

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Economic Growth Theories (TM)

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14th Finance Commission Recommendations- Civil Services

The 14th Finance Commission (FFC) was constituted by the orders of President on 2 January 2013 in accordance to the Article 280 of the Constitution of India. The commission submitted its report with recommendations to the President Pranab Mukherjee on 15 December 2014.The commission was formed to suggest recommendations for the period from 1 April 2015 to 31 March 2020.

Some Major Recommendations of 14th FC - Exam View Point:

1.The share of states in the net proceeds of the shareable Central taxes should be 42%.This is 10%points higher than the recommendation of 13th Finance Commission.

2.Revenue deficit to be progressively reduced and eliminated.

3.Fiscal deficit to be reduced to 3% of the GDP by 2017–18.

4.A target of 62% of GDP for the combined debt of centre and states.

5.The Medium Term Fiscal Plan(MTFP)should be reformed and made the statement of commitment rather than a statement of intent.

6.FRBM Act need to be amended to mention the nature of shocks which shall require targets relaxation.

7.Both centre and states should conclude 'Grand Bargain' to implement the model Goods and Services Act(GST).

8.Initiatives to reduce the number of Central Sponsored Schemes(CSS)and to restore the predominance of formula based plan grants.

9.States need to address the problem of losses in the power sector in time bound manner.

10. TAX DEVOLUTION TO BE BASED ON AREA, POPULATION, DEMOGRAPHY, INCOME DISTANCE & FOREST COVER- Highest weight of 50 per cent is given to distance from the highest per capita income district, followed by population (1971 census) at 17.5 per cent, demography (2011 census) at 10 per cent, area at 15 per cent and forest cover at 7.5 per cent

11. CENTRE'S FISCAL AND REVENUE DEFICITS -Fiscal deficit should come down to 3.6 per cent of GDP in 2015-16 from projected 4.1 per cent in 2014-15 and then 3 per cent in following year and kept at that for three more years. Not different from existing roadmap, though the present time frame ends in 2016-17. Wants revenue deficit to come down from 2.9 per cent in FY15 to 2.56 per cent in FY16 and then progressively reduce to 0.93 per cent by 2019-20

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90+ Pages -Indian Economy Short Notes for Civil Service Exams

Direct Link for PDF: Download Here

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Banking Structure in India(TM)

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Important Industrial Financial Institutions in India(పరిశ్రమల స్థాపనకు ప్రోత్సహించే సంస్థలు ఏవి?)

స్వయం ఉపాధి మార్గాన్ని ఎంచుకోవాలనుకునే వారికి అనేక సందేహాలు, సంశయాలు ఎదురవుతాయి, వాటిని నివృత్తి చేసుకోవడానికి ప్రభుత్వ, ప్రైవేట్ రంగంలో కొన్ని సంస్థలు సహకరిస్తున్నాయి. వాటిలో ముఖ్యమైనవి...

రాజీవ్ గాంధీ ఉద్యమి మిత్ర పథకం(RGUMI)

ఔత్సాహికులకు ఎదురయ్యే ఇబ్బందులను భారత ప్రభుత్వం గమనించి కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వసంస్థ అయిన చిన్న తరహా పరిశ్రమల శాఖ ఆధ్వర్యంలో రాజీవ్‌గాంధీ ఉద్యమి మిత్ర పథకాన్ని ప్రవేశపెట్టింది. స్వయంఉపాధి రంగంలో రాణించాలనుకునే మొదటి తరం ఔత్సాహికులకు వరప్రదాయిని రాజీవ్‌గాంధీ ఉద్యమి మిత్ర పథకం. ఐటీఐ పూర్తి చేసిన లేదా ఏదేని స్వయంఉపాధి శిక్షణ పొందిన వారు, ప్రస్తుతం వ్యాపార రంగంలో ఉన్నవారికి ఈ పథకంలో చిన్న తరహా పరిశ్రమ స్థాపనలో ఎదురయ్యే విధానపరమైన అడ్డంకులను అధిగమించేందుకు సహాయపడుతుంది.

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Inferior Goods, Normal Goods & Luxury Goods in Economy

Inferior Good: An inferior good means an increase in income causes a fall in demand. It has a negative YED.

Normal Good: This means an increase in income causes an increase in demand. It has a positive YED. Note a normal good can be income elastic or income inelastic.

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Giffen Goods

What are Giffen Goods?

A giffen good is an inferior good(a good that people buy more of when their income goes down) with the unique characteristic that an increase in price actually increases the quantity of the good that is demanded.  This provides the unusual result of an upward sloping demand curve. The Giffen goods which fail with Law of Demand. Giffen goods are goods that are substitutes for a more expensive good, that people buy more of when they cannot afford a superior good.( Funny example is China  made Iphone).

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Substitute Goods

This means a good's demand is increased when the price of another good is increased. Conversely, the demand for a good is decreased when the price of another good is decreased. That is people search for cheaper alternative. These Goods are in complete Contrast with Complement Goods, Giffen Goods, Veblen Goods (What are Complement Goods, Giffen Goods &  Veblen Goods?)

Characteristics of Substitute Goods:
Born from concept of Competition.
They can serve the same purpose/use.
Provide needs in Many Ways to Consumers.

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Complementary Goods in Economy

Definition: Two or more goods that satisfy the wants or needs when consumed jointly or production of one good automatically triggers the production of other good. Satisfaction is greater when both goods are consumed together. (What are Substitute Goods?)

Features of Complement Goods:

Such goods have negative cross elasticity of demand. They will have a perfectly inelastic demand.

Goods cannot function without each other.

Dependent Nature & non-interchangeable

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Veblen goods

What are Veblen Goods in Economy?

Veblen goods provide the consumer greater satisfaction (or utility) as the price increases.  A veblen good is a good where demand rises as price rises. people think more expensive goods are better quality, and so people buy more. Studies suggest people do get more satisfaction from receiving expensive goods. It is possible that designer clothes or luxury cars may sometimes meet the criteria of veblen goods. This is often termed the snob effect – people equate price to quantity. They are not inferior goods.

Fine Examples

a) Luxury Cars

b) Gucci bag

c) Expensive Wines

The utility of such goods is associated with their ability to denote status. Decreasing their price decreases the quantity demanded because their status denoting utility becomes compromised.

Also Read:

• Public Goods, Merit Goods, Demerit Goods, Private Goods & Free Goods
• Indifference Curve
• 1991 Economic Reforms in Indian Economy(TM)
• Important Committees formed in relation to Indian Economy(TM)
• Repo Rate, Reverse Repo, Uses, Pricing & Types of Repo Explained
• Different Types of Banks in Indian Economic System
• Reserve Bank of India (RBI) & Its Functions: Promotional & Supervisory Explained
• Neethi Aayog - Structure & Functions (TM)

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Public Goods, Merit Goods, Demerit Goods, Private Goods & Free Goods

Public Goods – goods with characteristics of non-rivalry and non-excludability, e.g. national defence. See: Public goods

Merit Goods. Goods which people may underestimate benefits of. Also often has positive externalities, e.g. education. See: Merit goods

Demerit Goods. Goods where people may underestimate costs of consuming it. Often has negative externalities, e.g. smoking, drugs. See: Demerit goods

Private goods – goods which do have rivalry and excludability. The opposite of a public good See: Private goods

Free Goods – A good with no opportunity cost, e.g. breathing air. See: Free good

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Indifference Curve

What is Indifference Curve and what are its characteristics?

Firstly, An indifference curve is a graph showing combination of two goods which give the consumer equal satisfaction and Purpose. At any point the consumer has no preference to one good, that is he is indifferent at all points. At the end the consumer gets the same net utility even he chooses different combinations. Indifference curves tend to be negatively sloped because of diminishing returns. If you gain more good X, the utility of X starts to show diminishing returns

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1991 Economic Reforms in Indian Economy(TM)

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Important Committees formed in relation to Indian Economy(TM)

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Repo Rate, Reverse Repo, Uses, Pricing & Types of Repo Explained

What is Repo Rate?

Repo is a repurchasing/repossession agree­ment rate. Repo is a money market instru­ment, which enables collateralized short term borrowing and lending through sale/ purchase operations in debt instruments. Under a repo transaction, a holder of securi­ties sells them to an investor with an agree­ment to repurchase at a predetermined date and rate. In the case of a repo, the forward clean price of the bonds is set in advance at a level which is different from the spot clean price by adjusting the difference between repo interest and coupon earned on the secu­rity. In the money market, this transaction is nothing but collateralized lending as the terms of the transaction are structured to compensate for the funds lent and the cost of the transaction is the repo rate .In other words, the inflow of cash from the transac­tion can be used to meet temporary liquidity requirement in the short term money market at comparable cost.

Repo rate is nothing but the annualized interest rate for the funds transferred by the lender to the borrower. General Iv, the rate at which it is possible to borrow through a repo is lower than the same offered on unsecured (or clean) interbank loan for the reason that it is a collateralized transaction and the cred­it worthiness of the issuer of the security is often higher than the seller. Other factors affecting the repo rate include, the credit worthiness of the borrower, liquidity of the collateral and comparable rates of other money market instruments.

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Different Types of Banks in Indian Economic System

The Financial Requirements in a modern economy are of a diverse nature, distinctive variety and large magnitude. These banks satisfy the various needs of people from every walk of life. The important kinds of banks mentioned below.

1. Commercial Banks: Commercial banks are established with an objective to help businessmen. These banks collect money from general public and give short-term loans to businessmen by way of cash credits, overdrafts, etc. Commercial banks provide various services like collecting cheques, bill of exchange, remittance money from one place to another place.In India, commercial banks are established under Companies Act, 1956. In 1969, 14 commercial banks were nationalized by Government of India, and the nationalization continued later also. The policies regarding deposits, loans, rate of interest, etc. of these banks are controlled by the Central Bank/ supervisor banks in that nation.

2. Saving Banks: Saving banks are established to create saving habit among the people. These banks are helpful for salaried people and low income groups. The deposits collected from customers are invested in bonds, securities, etc. At present most of the commercial banks carry the functions of savings banks. Now a days the development banks also discharging the functions of savings banks.

 3. Land Mortgage or Land Development Banks: Land Mortgage or Land Development banks are also known as Agricultural Banks because these are formed to finance agricultural sector. They also help in land development. In India, Government has come forward to assist these banks. The Government has guaranteed the debentures issued by such banks. There is a great risk involved in the financing of agriculture and generally commercial banks do not take much interest in financing agricultural sector.

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Reserve Bank of India (RBI) & Its Functions: Promotional & Supervisory Explained

Reserve Bank of India

Indian banking system has given a shape and structure by the formation of central bank in India, known as Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It was established in 1935 under RBI Act 1934 with a capital of 5 crores, divided into 100 shares of 5 lakhs each and was owned by government with limited functions. After independence to India, RBI was nationalized on 1st January, 1949. Banking Regulation Act 1949 empowered RBI and gave full-fledged functions of a central bank and as a banking and financial regulatory authority of India. By this RBI has authority to license and control banks, audit them, inspect, regulate and monitor.

RBI functions with certain objectives such as:

• To maintain monetary stability.
• To maintain financial stability and ensure sound financial institutions.
• To maintain stable payment systems.
• To ensure credit allocation by the financial system.
• To regulate the overall volume of money and credit in the economy.
• To promote the development of financial markets.
• To educate and convert the general public to use organized financial and banking sector.

Promotional Functions of RBI

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Neethi Aayog - Structure & Functions (TM)

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Indian Economy - Text Book (PDF Download) for UPSC IAS Civil Service Exams

Indian Economy Pdf, Indian Economy Civil Service Exam Notes & e-book download, for BCom, economy notes for UPSC prelims, Indian economy for UPSC IAS Exam pdf, indian economy books for UPSC, Indian Economy Material for TSPSC,  APPSC Group 1 Prelims Exams, Mains Paper 3 Notes Download

Index Page for Indian Economy Text Book
1. PLANNING
	First Five Year Plan	Download Here
	Second Five Year Plan
	Third Five Year Plan
	Three Annual Plans.
	Fourth Five Year Plan
	Fifth Five Year Plan, Rolling Plan
	Sixth Five Year Plan
	Seventh Five Year Plan
	Eighth Plan (1992-97)
	Ninth Five Year Plan
	Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07
	Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007 - 2012)	Download Here
	Planning Commission's India Vision 2020 Document
2. UNEMPLOYMENT
	Measures Taken so far for Tackling the problem of Unemployment National Rural Employment Guarantee Act	Download Here
	Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme
	Programmes for the Urban Poor
	The Swama Jayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojana
	Suggestions for Enhancing Employment
3. RURAL DEVELOPMENT
	Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP)	Download Here
	Desert Development Programme (DDP)
	Integrated Wasteland Development (IW0P)
	Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and Rural, Technology (CAPART),
	MP's Local Area Development Scheme
	Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA)
	Bharat Nirman
	Aam Admi Bhima Yojana
	National Social Assistance Programme
4. POPULATION
	The Size and Nature of the Population Problem	Download Here
	Goals for the Eleventh Pla
	National Population Policy 2000
	Janasankhya Sthirata Kosh
	2011 Provisional Census
5. AGRICULTURE
	Importance of Agriculture	Download Here
	Progress of Agriculture since Independence
	Problems of Indian Agriculture
	2007 National Policy for Farmers
	Rashtriya Krlshi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
	National Food Security Mission
	Plan Allocation for Agriculture
	Agricultural Exports Progress in Irrigation	Download Here
	High Yielding Variety (HYV) Seeds
	Fertilisers
	Pesticides
	Farm Mechanisation Agricultural Finance
	Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme
	National Agriculture Insurance Scheme
	Agricultural Price Policy
	Agricultural Marketing
	Land Reforms	Download Here
	Oil Seeds Production.
	The Problem of Pulses Crunch
	Integrated Scheme of Oil Seeds, Pulses, Oil Palm & Maize
	Dryland or Rainfed Farming
	National Rainfed Area Authority
	The Problem of Drought
	Allied Activities of Agriculture - Horticulture
	Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and Fisheries
6. INDUSTRY
	Industrial Development in India	Download Here
	Small Scale Industry
	Industrial Finance
	Public Sector
	Public Sector Disinvestment	Download Here
	Employees Equity Participation Scheme
7. INDUSTRIAL POLICY OF INDIA
	Industrial Policy of India	Download Here
	Industrial Policy 1991
	Sugar Industry De-Licensed
	New Mineral Policy 2008
	Industrial Sickness
	Goswami Report
	Exit Policy
	National Renewal Fund (NRF)
8. INFRASTRUCTURE
	Initiatives for Infrastructure Development	Download Here
	Electricity
	Oil Crisis
	Oil Exploration and Production
	Coal	Download Here
	Road Transport Ports
	Telecommunications
	Railways
	Civil Aviation
9. FISCAL POLICY
	India’s Fiscal Policy	Download Here
	The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act 2003
	Debt Problem
	Black Money
	Voluntary Disclosure of Income Schemes (VDIS-1997)
	Value Added Tax (VAT)	Download Here
	Chelliah Committee Report on Taxes
	Rekhi Committee
	Kelkar Committee Submits Final Report on Direct and Indirect Taxes
	Discussion Paper on Government Subsidies in India
	Report on Central Government Subsidies
	Gupta Committee Recommendations on Small Savings
	Major Recommendations of Expenditure Reforms Commission (ERC)
	States Agree for Debt Swap	Download Here
	New Devolution Formula to States
	Eleventh Finance Commissions (EFC) Recommendations and Controversy
	Twelth Finance Commission Report
	Thirteenth Finance Commission Report
	Fiscal Correction Programmes in States
10. FINANCIAL SECTOR
	Indian Banking System	Download Here
	Financial Sector Reforms
	Narasimham Committee Recommendations (1991)
	Second Narasimham Committee Report (1998)
	Varma Committee Report on Restructuring of Weak PSBs
	Sub-Markets	Download Here
	Non-Banking Financial Institutions
	Capital Market
	Khan Working Group Report on Harmonising the Role of DFIs and Banks
	Insurance Sector
	Malhotra Committee Report on Insurance
	Reforms In Insurance Sector
	Securities Market	Download Here
	Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
11. MONETARY POLICY
	Modifications in Monetary Policy	Download Here
	Annual Monetary Policy Statement 2011-12
12. INFLATION		Download Here
13. PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (POS)
	Targeted Public Distribution System	Download Here
	Antyodaya Anna Yojana
	Annapurna
14. THE HOUSING PROBLEM
	Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP)	Download Here
	Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP)
	National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy - 2007
15. 20-POINT PROGRAMME 2006		Download Here
16. GLOSSARY		Download Here

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